Pana is a small town in Christian County, Illinois, United States. A little portion is in Shelby County. The population was 5,199 at the 2020 census.

The Place around Pana was first organized as Stone Coal Precinct in 1845. The county’s precincts became townships in 1856, and Stone Coal Precinct became Pana Township, Christian County, Illinois. In 1856, the village of Pana was incorporated. The name “Pana” is believed to have been derived from the native tribe, the Pawnee. It developed at the intersection of east–west and north–south railroads, and had supplies of fuel and water for the steam engines of the railroad.

This became a middle of coal mining in the late 19th and in advance 20th centuries. In April 1899 what is known as the Pana riot broke out after a violent distress between black and white miners. Initially a white man was killed (by a policeman, it was unconventional discovered), and white linkage miners attacked black replacement workers who had been recruited from Alabama. Six additional people were killed: one white (likely also shot by a white man) and five blacks; in addition, six more black miners were wounded. While the sudden violence was quelled, blacks felt tremendous hostility. Rather than reward to Alabama and the Jim Crow South, from where they had been recruited, 211 of the approximately 300 African Americans remaining in town moved west to Weir, Kansas, to accomplishment at another mine.

It came to be known as the City of Roses, a nickname coined by local newsmen, the Jordan Brothers. Many major florists and growers set going on shop here. At one time, there were 109 greenhouses in Pana.