Matherville is a village in Mercer County, Illinois, United States. The population was 723 at the 2010 census.

Matherville is located at 41°15′37″N 90°36′21″W / 41.26028°N 90.60583°W / 41.26028; -90.60583 (41.260255, -90.605874).

According to the 2010 census, Matherville has a total Place of 0.398 square miles (1.03 km), of which 0.39 square miles (1.01 km²) (or 97.99%) is estate and 0.008 square miles (0.02 km) (or 2.01%) is water.

At the 2000 census there were 772 people, 290 households, and 216 families full of beans in the village. The population density was 1,968.7 inhabitants per square mile (760.1/km). There were 301 housing units at an average density of 767.6 per square mile (296.4/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 98.45% White, 0.26% Asian, 0.52% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.04%.
–
– Of the 290 households 45.2% had children under the age of 18 living in the same way as them, 55.5% were married couples animated together, 15.2% had a female householder afterward no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 21.7% of households were one person and 10.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average intimates size was 3.06.
–
– The age distribution was 32.4% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For all 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.6 males.
–
– The median household allowance was $33,438 and the median family income was $39,375. Males had a median income of $37,273 versus $25,179 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,956. About 14.1% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.5% of those below age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.