The village of Coal Valley is located in both Rock Island County and Henry County in the U.S. state of Illinois. The population was 3,743 at the 2010 census, up from 3,606 in 2000. It is mostly residential, housing families who do something in or out of the greater Quad Cities Area and is considered a suburb. The students of the Rock Island County share of Coal Valley attend the Moline School District number 40, and in the Henry County portion, Orion Community Unit School District 223

Oakwood Country Club, located in Coal Valley, was host of the Hardee’s Golf Classic from 1986 through 1994. The tournament was innovative renamed to “John Deere Classic” once promotion was taken higher than by Deere & Company. The tournament is now hosted at the TPC at Deere Run course in Silvis, Illinois.

The first settlers in Coal Valley were trappers and farmers who came from Wales, England, Ireland, Germany and Sweden. The voyager settlers of the community are thought to have been William and Charles Bailey who built the first house within the gift village limits. It is afterward believed that they operated a small mine, which could have been the first discovery of coal in the vicinity.

The Coal Valley Mining Company was formed in 1856. The men who incorporated the company were Holmes Hakes, Charles Buford, S. S. Guyer, Ben Harper and N. B. Buford. They gave the community its name. The thriving years for coal mining in Coal Valley were from the 1850s to just about the center of the 1870s. Over the years new mining companies moved in. 1942 proverb the grow less of coal mining in and nearly the community.