Greenville is a city in Bond County, Illinois, United States, 51 miles (82 km) east of St. Louis. The population as of the 2020 census was 7,083, up from 7,000 at the 2010 census. It is the county chair of Bond County.

Greenville is allowance of the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is after that considered portion of the Metro East region of Illinois.

Greenville celebrated its Bicentennial in 2015 as one of the oldest communities in Illinois. It is home to Greenville University, the Richard Bock Museum, the American Farm Heritage Museum, the Armed Forces Museum and the Demoulin Museum and a federal prison, Federal Correctional Institution, Greenville (FCI Greenville). It is also house to internationally known companies, including Nevco Scoreboard, the largest privately owned scoreboard company in the world, and DeMoulin Brothers, the world’s oldest and largest manufacturer of band uniforms.

Greenville was founded by George Davidson in 1815 in what was after that the Illinois Territory, when he purchased 160 acres (65 ha) along the bluff overlooking Little Shoal Creek, in what was then yet part of Madison County. Davidson built a tavern close the present-day intersection of Main and Sixth streets, and by 1816 he was selling individual lots. The federal government normal its first federal make known office in Greenville in 1819. It was incorporated as a town in 1855 and as a city in 1872. At one time, it had neighborhoods called New Jerusalem, Piety Hill, Cobtown, and Buzzard Roost. A few feasible reasons have been put forth for the naming of the town. Some think the town was named after Greenville, North Carolina, which had been named after Revolutionary War general Nathanael Greene. Others tell that Greenville was named by to the front settler Thomas White because it was “so green and nice”. A third possibility is that Greenville was named after Green P. Rice, the town’s first merchant.