Aliceville is a city in Pickens County, Alabama, United States, located thirty-six miles west of Tuscaloosa. At the 2010 census its population was 2,486, down from 2,567 in 2000. Founded in the first decade of the 20th century and incorporated in 1907, the city has become notable for its World War II-era prisoner-of-war camp, Camp Aliceville. Since 1930, it has been the largest municipality in Pickens County.

In 1902 the agreement that would become Aliceville was founded bearing in mind the initiation of a single store. The city was named in rave review of the wife of John T. Cochrane, founder of the Alabama, Tennessee and Northern Railroad and distressing force at the rear the construction of the terse line from Carrollton, Alabama to Aliceville. Within two years of the skill of the rude line, Aliceville had grown to what the Montgomery Advertiser called in 1905 “a town of considerable pretensions. There are practically a dozen stores, a bank, public buildings and numerous enterprises.”

In 1907 an election was scheduled to permit the citizens of Aliceville to deem whether their community should be incorporated. Incorporation was recognized by the voters, and on March 19, 1907, a municipal election was held to choose municipal officers, including a mayor and five aldermen: T.H. Sommerville, J.M. Summerville, A. Hood, J.D. Sanders, W.E. Stringfellow, and J.B. Cunningham, respectively.

In August 1907 a black man named Gibson was lynched in Aliceville, which caused civil disturbances in the community. Rumors swirled that “the negroes were arming themselves,” and a organization of blacks on horseback were fired on in the street. Gibson’s father was subsequently “ordered to depart the county upon account of some impertient (sic) talk.”