Louisa (originally named Louisa Court House) is a town in Louisa County, Virginia, United States. The population was 1,555 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Louisa County.

Louisa Court House was named because of the county courthouse build up in 1742, near the intersection of Courthouse Road (now SR 208) and Main Street/Louisa Road (now SR-22/US-33). The village of Louisa Court House had been the county chair for beyond a century following it became a strategic location during the American Civil War for Virginia’s supply and communication lines.

Chartered in 1836 as the Louisa Railroad by the Virginia General Assembly, the Virginia Central Railroad mainline passed through the village. On 10 June 1864, thousands of men and horses of Gen. Fitzhugh Lee’s cavalry unfriendliness camped not far and wide off from the courthouse prior to the Battle of Trevilian Station. The VCR multiple into the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad in 1868 (reorganized as the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway in 1878). The C&O operated the mainline through Louisa higher than one hundred years, until the Chessie System combined into CSX in the 1980s.

The incorporated Town of Louisa was created by Act of the General Assembly in 1873. Many businesses found advantage in locating near the mainline, especially heavy industries that could transport using the railroad. As the road infrastructure improved and especially back the 1956 go forward of the interstate highway system’s I-64, local businesses transport mainly via semi-truck using US 33.