New Boston is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States. Boston was named for an prematurely storekeeper in the settlement, W.J. Boston. The coming of the railroads led to the location of two more Bostons. A depot was built practically four miles north of Boston and was named New Boston. The native Boston later became Old Boston. The courthouse was moved to Texarkana in the further on 1880s but a difficult election carried to put on the courthouse support to the geographic middle of the county. This location was between the Bostons. The Post Office Department named this location Boston, so Bowie County has affirmation to three Bostons: New Boston, Boston, and Old Boston. The population was 4,550 at the 2010 census, and 4,612 in 2020.

The Red River Expedition (1806) was stopped by the Spanish in the vicinity of the town.

When the Missouri Pacific Railroad was being build up 4 miles (6 km) north of the village of Boston (now Old Boston) in the summer of 1876, it was positive to many businessmen in the town that it would strive a serious decline as a repercussion of its push away from the line. At a deposit meeting, J. H. Smelser, a local resident and surveyor for the railroad, was fixed to meet when railroad officials to safe the location of a depot at a point upon the lineage nearest to Boston. The negotiations were successful, and in September 1876, lots were laid out and put going on for sale on 100 acres (0.40 km) that the railroad had purchased. Because most of those engaged in the project were from Boston, the other town was named New Boston.

A publish office was expected in 1877 once L. C. DeMorse as postmaster. The town grew rapidly, and by 1884, it had 400 residents, two churches, a school, several mills and gins, and a newspaper, the New Boston Herald, edited by W. W. West. A furniture factory and marginal newspaper, the Bowie County Populist, were other in the 1890s.