Jacksonville is a city in Jackson County, Oregon, United States, approximately 5 miles (8 km) west of Medford. It was named for Jackson Creek, which flows through the community and was the site of one of the first placer gold claims in the area. It includes Jacksonville Historic District, which was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1966. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,785, up from 2,235 at the 2000 census.

Jacksonville was founded once discovery of gold deposits in 1851–1852. With the start of Jackson County, it became the county seat, a role which was transferred to welcoming Medford in 1927.

Jacksonville was house to the first Chinatown in Oregon, founded by immigrants from San Francisco. Physical evidence of this chapter of records was uncovered to the lead in March 2004 subsequent to road proceed uncovered artifacts dating to the 1850s and 1860s. Construction was halted even if archeologists performed four days of rescue excavations. Their findings included broken Chinese bowls and tea cups, handmade bottles, and fragments of opium appurtenances and Chinese coins.

As the gold deposits were worked out in the 1860s and the railway bypassed Jacksonville in 1884, the city’s economy slowed. This had the unintended benefit of preserving a number of structures, which led to Jacksonville’s innate designated a National Historic District in 1966, covering beyond 100 buildings. It was cited as a “mid-19th century inland want ad city significant for its magnificent organization of long-lasting unaltered poster and residential buildings. The city was the principal financial center of southern Oregon until it was bypassed by the Oregon and California Railroad.”