Piney is a census-designated place (CDP) in Adair County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 115 at the 2010 census. Piney was the “head town” of the first greeting of relocated Cherokee people (the “Old Settlers”) who relocated there from their ancestral homelands in the southeastern United States.

Piney was acknowledged in 1824 as the Cherokee head town, serving as the council seat (informal capital) of the Cherokee Nation–West from 1824 to 1828. The town was portion of what was next Arkansaw Territory. In 1828, the western borders of the future disclose of Arkansas were finally drawn (running just one mile east of the settlement), and the passй Arkansaw Territory was split into two. The Cherokee Nation capital city was created in the more centrally located Tahlonteeskee in Sequoyah County, located in the western side of the split (the additional Indian Territory). Most of the Cherokee residents migrated other west into their designated districts in the Indian Territory later than the territorial split. A Baptist missionary, Duncan O’Bryant, who had served in Piney for a time, remained behind. He died in 1834 and his grave is located there.

Piney had a publish office from November 24, 1913 to August 20, 1921. The town reached its largest size circa 1916. It had a general store (where the make known office was located); a gristmill; a blacksmith’s shop; and a school, which is now used as a community building. The incorporated town continued until 1940. The native settlement of Piney is now considered a ghost town, although some residents yet live in the area (2011).

Piney is located at 35°53′4″N 94°32′29″W / 35.88444°N 94.54139°W / 35.88444; -94.54139 in eastern Adair County, 1 mile (2 km) west of the Arkansas border. The Piney CDP has a total area of 4.6 square miles (11.9 km), of which 4.5 square miles (11.7 km²) is estate and 0.077 square miles (0.2 km), or 1.32%, is water. No major roads run through the community.