Sherburne is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 4,048 at the 2010 census. The town contains two villages, Sherburne and Earlville. The town is at the northern border of Chenango County.

The area that became Sherburne, part of the Chenango River valley, was originally inhabited by the Oneida people, until the late 1780s in imitation of the let in of New York purchased the home from them. These parcels were well along sold at auction in New York City.

The agreement of Sherburne occurred approximately 1792 near the present-day Sherburne village. The town was named after the tune “Sherburne”, written by Daniel Read in 1783. The before inhabitants had a craving of frequently singing the tune, which was a great favorite considering them. Most of the antiquated inhabitants and settlers of Sherburne were originally from the town of Kent, Litchfield County, Connecticut. Sometime all but 1785 or 1786, two years after the Treaty of Paris and Treaties of Versailles were signed on September 3, 1783, ending the American Revolutionary War, the forward-looking proprietors and pioneers of Sherburne left Kent and emigrated to Duanesburgh, Schenectady County, New York. After a few years there they had been unable to secure title to the lands on which they settled. It was at that tapering off that they resolution to concern again as a body to the Chenango Valley, which had just begun to admission lands in the Twenty Townships.

In June 1791, Deacon and Judge Nathaniel Gray, Elisha Gray, Joel Hatch, Abram Raymond, Newcomb Raymond, and James Raymond visited these lands in the combination of the company as an exploring party, accompanied by Josiah Throop, chief of the corps who had surveyed the tract that and the preceding years. On their beginning they found that a associates consisting of five men, one girl and some small kids from Paris in Oneida County had squatted a few hours previously upon Handsome Brook, and were occupying a bark cabin. There they found hospitable all right through the night and in the day were regaled by their hostess with supplementary bread and beer, both her own making. This relations remained but a sudden time, for they had left since the reward of the exploring party.