New Square (Yiddish: שיכון סקווירא, romanized: Shikun Skvir) is an all-Hasidic village in the town of Ramapo, Rockland County, New York, United States. It is located north of Hillcrest, east of Viola, south of New Hempstead, and west of New City. As of the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 9,679. Its inhabitants are predominantly members of the Skverer Hasidic doings who intend to maintain a Hasidic lifestyle disconnected from the secular world. It is the poorest town (measured by median income) in New York, and the eighth poorest in the United States. It after that has the highest poverty rate, at 64.4%.

New Square is named after the Ukrainian town Skvyra, where the Skverer Hasidic work originated. The founders meant to publish the settlement New Skvir, but a typist’s mistake anglicized the name. New Square was established in 1954, when the Zemach David Corporation, representing Skverer Grand Rabbi Yakov Yosef Twersky, purchased a 130-acre (0.53 km) dairy farm near Spring Valley, New York, in the town of Ramapo. At that time, most Skverer members lived in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn. New Square’s founders had felt that the Hasidic community in Williamsburg was being “threatened by assimilation”, as The New York Times later described it. Construction began in 1956, and the first four families moved to New Square in December 1956. In 1958, the agreement had 68 houses.

The progress of New Square was obstructed by Ramapo’s zoning regulations, which forbade the construction of multi-family houses and the use of basements for shops and stores. Multiple families sharing single-family houses said that they belonged to outstretched families, and businesses in private homes had to be secret. In 1959, the community asked for a building permit to improvement its synagogue, located in the basement of a Cape Cod-style house. The Ramapo town attorney requested condemnation of every New Square community, claiming that it threatened sewage lines. In response, the community requested assimilation as a village, but Ramapo town officials refused to allow it. In 1961, a New York divulge court ruled approving of New Square, and the village was incorporated in July of that year.

After incorporating, New Square set its own zoning and building codes, legalizing the existing houses, and the liens disappeared. Lots were sold, and supplementary houses were built. The basement businesses could trade openly, and other businesses were founded, including a watch assembly reforest and a hat manufacturer. Three knitting mills and a used car lot opened, but most men continued to be credited with work in New York City. A Kollel was opened in 1963. In 1968, Grand Rabbi Yakov Yosef Twersky died; he was succeeded as Grand Rabbi by his son David Twersky.