Fredonia is a village in Chautauqua County, New York, United States. The population was 9,871 as of the 2020 census. Fredonia is in the town of Pomfret south of Lake Erie. The village is the home of the State University of New York at Fredonia (in the northwest part of the village).

Fredonia is one of forlorn twelve villages in New York still incorporated below a charter, the further villages having incorporated or re-incorporated under the provisions of Village Law.

The village that is now Fredonia was most likely first occupied by forward Mound Builders, then the Erie people (13th to 17th centuries), then the Iroquois (specifically, the Seneca). In 1791, Robert Morris purchased the Fredonia estate from Massachusetts and sold it to the Holland Land Company. Parcels were sold to pioneers all but 1800, and the first settlers came on the order of 1803 or 1804.

In 1821, William Hart dug the first skillfully specifically to build natural gas in the United States upon the banks of Canadaway Creek in Fredonia. It was 27 feet (8.2 m) deep, excavated gone shovels by hand, and its gas pipeline was hollowed out logs sealed past tar and rags. It supplied sufficient natural gas for lights in two stores, two shops and a gristmill (currently the village’s flare station) by 1825. Expanding on Hart’s work, the Fredonia Gas Light Company was formed in 1858, becoming the first American natural gas company. A stone monument in downtown Fredonia marks the site of the first gas well.