Croton-on-Hudson is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 8,327 at the 2020 United States census over 8,070 at the 2010 census. It is located in the town of Cortlandt as allocation of New York City’s northern suburbs. The village was incorporated in 1898.

People lived from at latest not quite 7000 BC in what would become the village. The Kitchawanc tribe, part of the Wappinger Confederacy of the Algonquian peoples, signed a peace deal with the newly arriving Dutch people at Croton Point in 1645, now commemorated by a plaque in the park there.

Stephanus van Cortlandt began acquiring estate in the area in 1677 (the year he became mayor of New York City) to Make a manor. It was fixed by royal patent in 1697 as the Manor of Cortlandt, including the area known as Croton Landing where the Croton River meets the Hudson River, where the manor house was built. A 1718 census reports 91 inhabitants including Dutch settlers and English Quakers. People worked the manor primarily as farmers or millers.

In the mid- to late 1800s first the Croton Dam, then the New Croton Dam, and the Croton Aqueduct were built upon the Croton River to supply New York City, along behind the New York Central Railroad station upon the Hudson River. Many Irish, Italian and German immigrants moved to the Place to work upon those projects, increasing the population dramatically. By 1898, when the Village incorporated, the population was 1,000 people, growing to 1,700 people in the further on 1900s.