Chittenango is a village located in Madison County, New York, United States. The village is in the southern portion of the Town of Sullivan. The population was 5,081 at the 2010 census. Chittenango is the birthplace of L. Frank Baum, author of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.

The herald of the village is derived from the Oneida post for Chittenango Creek, Chu-de-nääng′, meaning “where waters direct north.” While the name “Chittenango” is often thought by locals to mean “river flowing north” or “where the waters divide and manage north,” a hint to the management of water flow from the creek’s dwindling of stock to Oneida Lake, there is no derivation for these alternatives. On an 1825 map of the area, the village is called Chittening, a name used by yet to be settlers which is thought to be derived directly from Chu-de-nääng′. According to American anthropologist Lewis H. Morgan who studied Iroquois customs and language in his 1851 book League of the Iroquois, the name “Chittenango” may have come from Chu-de-nääng′ Ga-hun′-da, a redundant combination of the Oneida terms for “Chittenango Creek” (Chu-de-nääng′) and “creek” (Ga-hun′-da).

Initial addition of this village is largely endorsed to the construction of the Erie Canal which officially opened in 1825, joining Buffalo on Lake Erie past Albany, the capital of New York, and the Hudson River. The Erie Canal passes just north of the village. The Chittenango Canal Company, incorporated in 1818, constructed a canal 1.5 mi (2.4 km) in length connecting Chittenango to the Erie Canal. The village became a virtual canal town upon the construction of the Chittenango Canal Boat Landing, which featured a three-bay temperate dock where canal boats were built and repaired. The canal brought prosperity, growth and improve to the village. It created a craving for inns, hotels and restaurants, and area farms and factories found the canal useful as an within your means and easy way to boat goods additional along the canal or beyond. Because the canal amalgamated to the Hudson River, boats were clever to boat goods south to the metropolis of Manhattan.

Development increased considerably due to John B. Yates, who opened and operated grist and maxim mills, a woolen mill, stores, and founded the village’s first church in 1828, the Dutch Reformed Church, now the First Presbyterian Church of Chittenango.