Hillsboro is an unincorporated community in Sierra County, New Mexico, United States, located in the southwestern allowance of the state. It was founded in 1877, following the discovery of gold. The community was the county seat of Sierra County from 1884 until 1936, when Hot Springs (now called Truth or Consequences) became the county seat.

The town was named Hillsborough by prospectors in December 1877, but later edited to Hillsboro. By 1880, the town had four companies of soldiers and 400 miners, but the population soon grew to 700. A county courthouse was built in 1892. By 1907, the population was 1200. A flood on 10 June 1914 caused considerable damage to many town buildings.

The first home was built in August 1877 after two prospectors, Dan Dugan and Dave Stitzel, working in the area of the innovative Opportunity Mine, collected directionless pieces of rock (float is the geologic term) assayed at $160 per ton in gold and silver. Soon, ore was discovered at the within reach Rattlesnake vein (geology) by Dugan and Frank Pitcher, and a placer addition of gold was found in November at the Rattlesnake and Wicks gulches. Ore was pulverized later arrastres located in Hillsboro, including a 10-stamp mill built in 1878. Total production prior to 1904 was about $6,750,000. Between 1911 and 1931, total production of gold ore was 836 tons, gold-copper-silver ore was 5,470 tons, and copper ore was 200 tons.
In his report, Harley wrote, “The ore deposits of the Hillsboro or Las Animas mining district are of four general types as follows: (1) fissure veins in andesite flows, (2) disseminated deposits in monzonite porphyry, (3) replacement deposits in limestone, and (4) placer gold deposits.”

The Copper Flat volcano to the northeast of Hillsboro is the source of the gold in the area. The 4 mile wide volcano is characterized by a Cretaceous quartz monzonite gathering within a topographic depression, surrounded by surface andesite flows at least 2,300 feet thick, and radial quartz latite or rhyolite dikes. The collection generated the porphyry copper deposits, gold-bearing veins, and gold placers. There are roughly 26 major veins forming a radial pattern from the stock. The Golddust Camp placer deposits are found in the alluvium of the ascetic gulches radiating off Copper Flat and the andesite flows. The fissure veins produced 51,000 ounces of gold, while the placer deposits produced 110,000 ounces.