Atlanta is a village in Phelps County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 131 at the 2010 Census. During World War II, the town was neighbored by Camp Atlanta, which housed greater than 3,000 Nazi German prisoners of war over three years. The camp was said to home more prisoners during the deed than the town had in population during its entire existence.

Atlanta was laid out in 1883 past the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad was Elongated to that point. It was likely named after Atlanta, Illinois.

In the first part of the 20th century Atlanta was home to several amenities for adjoining farmers. They included a grocery store, post office, cafe, and a tourist shop for drivers upon U.S. Route 6, as capably as corn and grain elevators and two gas stations. Chataqua groups entertained at the town hall, with annual endeavors such as the Atlanta Institute, which was an annual fair. There were also pardon outdoor “picture shows”, and the Atlanta Industry Day Picnic. The Atlanta schoolhouse had eight grades. At the dawn of World War II, there was one street, approximately two blocks long, with lonely a few event buildings drooping and point along its edges.

During World War II, Camp Atlanta was established adjoining the town as an Allied prisoner-of-war camp for German P.O.W.s. The Atlanta Place had been the unlimited choice of the U.S. Army to announce a $2 million P.O.W. camp after the outbreak of World War II. When construction began in September, 1943 people were told this would be a “Conchie Camp” for the conscientious objectors from the United States. By November it became known by locals that Atlanta would be a prisoner-of-war camp usual to protect German prisoners. There were nearly 275 enlisted men and 60 officers.