Carterville is a city in Jasper County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,855 at the 2020 census. It is allocation of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.

While one James Carter arranged in Jasper County in 1841, the land upon which Carterville was built was originally owned by his son, James George Leroy Carter, who created a farm in the 1860’s. The town considers itself founded in 1875, when a name office called Carterville opened that year. However, the concurrence was not officially incorporated until 1882. Early Carterville was little more than a lead-mining camp, one of many in the tri-state mining district in southwestern Missouri, southeastern Kansas and northwestern Oklahoma. It still thrived, and at one epoch had a population of greater than 12,000 residents, making it larger than approachable Webb City.

When interurban transportation came to the mining district in 1889, it was in the form of a horsecar line (other sources tell a mule road) between Webb City and Carterville. That operation was absorbed in 1892 by the Southwest Missouri Electric Railway Company, later the Southwest Missouri Railroad Company, and by 1894 an electrified streetcar line aligned Carterville to Webb City and Joplin in one direction, and Prosperity in the other. Two extra rail lines, that of the Missouri Pacific Railway and the Kansas City, Fort Scott and Memphis Railway, ran the length of the west affix of Carterville.

The town began its end in size after World War I, when the mining industry began to temperate up.