Greenwood is a city in and the county chair of Leflore County, Mississippi, United States, located at the eastern edge of the Mississippi Delta region, approximately 96 miles north of the let pass capital, Jackson, and 130 miles south of the riverport of Memphis, Tennessee. It was a center of cotton planter culture in the 19th century.

The population was 15,205 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Greenwood Micropolitan Statistical Area. Greenwood developed at the confluence of the Tallahatchie and the Yalobusha rivers, which form the Yazoo River.

The flood plain of the Mississippi River has long been an Place rich in vegetation and wildlife, fed by the Mississippi and its numerous tributaries. Long previously Europeans migrated to America, the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indian nations granted in the Delta’s bottomlands and throughout what is now central Mississippi. They were descended from native peoples who had lived in the Place for thousands of years. The Mississippian culture had built earthwork mounds in this area and throughout the Mississippi Valley, beginning virtually 950 CE. Their culture thrived for hundreds of years.

In the nineteenth century, the Five Civilized Tribes in the Southeast suffered increasing encroachment on their territory by European-American settlers from the United States. Under pressure from the United States government, in 1830 the Choctaw principal chief Greenwood LeFlore and further Choctaw leaders signed the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, ceding most of their surviving land to the United States in exchange for land in Indian Territory, what is now southeastern Oklahoma. The executive opened the land for sale and agreement by European Americans. LeFlore came to regret his decision upon land cession, saying in 1843 that he was “sorry to tell that the bolster realized from [the treaty] by my people were by no means equal to what I had a right to expect, nor to what they were justly entitled.”