Brookeville is a town in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, located 20 km (12 mi) north of Washington, D.C., and 2 km (1.2 mi) north of Olney. Brookeville was decided by Quakers late in the 18th century and was formally incorporated as a town in 1808. Historically part of the local agricultural industry, since the 1950s Brookeville has developed snappishly into a suburban community of Washington, D.C. following the construction of the Georgia Avenue toll road. The population was 134 at the 2010 census.

Brookeville is notable as the “United States Capital for a Day” during the War of 1812, when British troops burned Washington D.C., and President James Madison sought refuge in Brookeville upon August 26, 1814. During the American Civil War, Brookeville, along with friendly Sandy Spring, was a stop on the Underground Railroad.

The United States Postal Service (USPS) defines a larger area as Brookeville than what falls within the town boundaries. This includes areas extending to the Patuxent River and the Howard County border, and including the little hamlets of Sunshine and Brighton. Reddy Branch Stream Valley Park surrounds the Town of Brookeville, with the creek flowing west to east towards the Patuxent. Other parks and recreational areas insert Rachel Carson Conservation Park, Patuxent River State Park, and the Triadelphia Reservoir. Areas to the north of Brookeville in Howard County and Carroll County have afterward experienced sudden population growth. Georgia Avenue carries a substantial volume of traffic through the town, from these areas to the north into Montgomery County and Washington, D.C. In 1966, county planning officials recommended that a bypass be built to carry commuters as regards the town. The project is currently under construction. Construction is projected to be completed in summer of 2021.

Today, Brookeville is an well-to-do residential community, with a large allocation of residents employed as soon as the government or associated professional jobs. The town is governed by a three-person town commission, while surrounding unincorporated areas are administered by the county. Historically, the Brookeville Academy was an important hypothetical institution for the community. In 1883, Sherwood High School opened as a Friends theoretical and became a public assistant professor in 1909, serving Brookeville and other to hand areas.