Madisonville is a house rule-class city in and the county chair of Hopkins County, Kentucky, United States, located along Interstate 69 in the state’s Western Coal Fields region. The population was 19,591 at the 2010 census. Madisonville is a commercial center of the region and is home to Madisonville Community College.

Madisonville was founded in 1807 and named for then-Secretary of State James Madison. It was named the chair of Hopkins County in 1808 and formally incorporated in 1810.

Hopkins County and Madisonville were at odds by the Civil War. Union supporters associated a regiment recruited locally by James Shackleford; Al Fowler recruited Confederate troops. The courthouse in Madisonville was burned by Confederates led by Gen. Hylan B. Lyon upon December 17, 1864, as they passed through western Kentucky. While Kentucky remained a Union state, the policies imposed by Union armies in the area caused resentment and sparked resemblance for the Confederate cause.

Farming was the major motion in Hopkins County for most of the 1800s, with tobacco the leading crop. Around 1837 an outcropping of coal was discovered, and the first coal mine in the county opened in 1869. Mining did not become a major industry until the Louisville & Nashville Railroad pushed its line southward from Henderson through Madisonville and toward Nashville in 1870. By the prematurely 1900s, Madisonville was a rail hub, coal mining center, and had a large tobacco market. This continued until the 1960s later than manufacturing and promote industries came to the area.