Madison is a city in and the county chair of Jefferson County, Indiana, United States, along the Ohio River. As of the 2010 United States Census its population was 11,967. Over 55,000 people enliven within 15 miles (24 km) of downtown Madison. Madison is the largest city along the Ohio River amongst Louisville and Cincinnati. Madison is one of the core cities of the Louisville-Elizabethtown-Madison metroplex, an Place with a population of nearly 1.5 million. In 2006, the majority of Madison’s downtown Place was designated a National Historic Landmark—133 blocks of the downtown area is known as the Madison Historic Landmark District.

Madison is located at 38°45′N 85°24′W / 38.750°N 85.400°W / 38.750; -85.400 (38.750, −85.395), on the north side of the Ohio River. It is bordered to the south, across the river, by the city of Milton, Kentucky. U.S. Route 421 passes through the middle of town, crossing the Ohio into Kentucky on the Milton–Madison Bridge. US-421 leads north 26 miles (42 km) to Versailles, Indiana, and south 23 miles (37 km) to Campbellsburg, Kentucky. Indiana State Road 7 has its southern terminus in Madison and leads northwest 23 miles (37 km) to Vernon. Indiana State Road 56, the Ohio River Scenic Byway, is Madison’s Main Street, leading east (upriver) 20 miles (32 km) to Vevay and west 23 miles (37 km) to Scottsburg. Louisville is 48 miles (77 km) southwest of Madison by highway, and Cincinnati is 68 miles (109 km) to the northeast.

Madison is bordered to the west by Clifty Falls State Park, encompassing the canyon of huge Clifty Creek and its tributaries, with several waterfalls, as capably as high ground rising 400 feet (120 m) above the Ohio River valley.

According to the 2010 census, Madison has a total Place of 8.842 square miles (22.90 km), of which 8.57 square miles (22.20 km²) (or 96.92%) is estate and 0.272 square miles (0.70 km) (or 3.08%) is water.