Spearfish (Lakota: Hočhápȟe) is a city in Lawrence County, South Dakota. The population was 12,193 at the time of the 2020 census.

Before the Black Hills Gold Rush of 1876, the Place was used by Native Americans (primarily bands of Sioux but others also ranged through the area). Once the gold hurry started, the city was founded in 1876 at the mouth of Spearfish Canyon, and was originally called Queen City. Spearfish grew as a supplier of foodstuffs to the mining camps in the hills. Even today, a significant amount of truck crop growing and make public gardening still occurs in the vicinity.

In 1887, the well-liked history of gold mining in the Black Hills was thrown into question by the discovery of what has become known as the Thoen Stone. Discovered by Louis Thoen on Lookout Mountain, the stone purports to be the last testament of Ezra Kind who, along behind six others, entered the Black Hills in 1833, “got anything the gold we could carry” in June 1834, and were subsequently “killed by Indians exceeding the tall hill.” There is corroborating historical evidence for the Ezra Kind party.

In the 20th century, the archives of Spearfish was tied to mining and tourism. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright, who visited Spearfish Canyon in 1935, later called the area “unique and unparalleled elsewhere in our country,” and wondered, “How is it that I’ve heard so little of this miracle and we, toward the Atlantic, have heard for that reason much of the Grand Canyon taking into consideration this is even more miraculous?”