Middleburg is a borough in Snyder County, located in Central Pennsylvania’s Susquehanna River Valley. The population was 1,325 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Snyder County. Middleburg is ration of the Selinsgrove, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, and is also share of the larger Bloomsburg-Berwick-Sunbury, PA Combined Statistical Area.

Native Americans had lived in the region for centuries. White settlers are recorded living in the area in 1755. Middleburg was originally named Swinefordstown (Swinefordstettle in the Pennsylvania Dutch dialect) after John Albright Swineford who ran a tavern here in 1787. He was as well as the owner of home located on the north bank of the Middle Creek upon which engineer Frederick Evans laid out the town in 1800. This town became known as Middleburgh circa 1825, and was incorporated as a borough in 1864.

A portion of the site that Middleburg occupies was the location of the Stump’s Run Massacre in January 1768. Stump’s Run is located to the west of the Glendale Cemetery and is also close the Snyder County Historical Society. In this incident, two colonists named Frederick Stump and John Ironcutter were found to be responsible for the deaths of four Native American men, three Native American women, and three kids over a two-day period. Four of the men and two of the women were killed at Stump’s cabin, which was located at the mouth of the Middle Creek close Selinsgrove. After Stump and Ironcutter shoved the bodies through a hole in the ice, they traveled up the creek to Stump’s Run to kill the remaining woman and the children. These bodies were thrown into the native cabins, and the cabins burned. Although the men claimed self-defense, it is suspected that this could have been annoyed by a drunken brawl, or that the natives were killed by Stump in retaliation for the deaths of his wife and kids at the hands of Native American raiders. The two men were arrested and taken to the Cumberland County jail at Carlisle for trial, but were freed at the hands of a flattering mob. The men were never recaptured.

The section of the borough located on the southern bank of the Middle Creek was developed in a manner completely different from that of the settlement upon the northern bank. This part of the town began later a few swashbuckler homes and a grist mill; later a successor upon this site would be known as the Franklin Roller Mills. When the Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad was constructed, more lots for homes were laid out, and the southern section of the town was first known as Franklin, and later, Swineford. In January 1917, the property owners in Swineford petitioned the Middleburgh borough for annexation, and this hope was decided in February of the same year.